Cognitive Strategy Instruction as it relates to teaching math to Research Paper

Psychological Strategy Instruction as it identifies with instructing math to teenagers, explicitly those with mellow learning incapacities - Research Paper Example Also, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics of 2000 backs offering all the young people equivalent access to the ideas of arithmetic (Montague and Jitendra, 2009). The motivation behind this paper is to talk about the psychological procedure guidance as it identifies with instructing math to immature understudies with mellow learning handicaps. Understudies with mellow learning incapacities for the most part frequently experience issues in accomplishing the guidelines of scholarly substance and exceeding expectations in the evaluations. Especially, understudies with mellow learning handicaps normally experience issues with logarithmic thinking, arithmetic fundamental abilities, and critical thinking aptitudes. Larger part of these understudies battle with the methods for moving toward science issues, doing chosen plans, and settling on viable choices. A powerful way to deal with help pre-adult understudies with mellow learning inabilities in getting to testing ideas of scie nce is to offer technique guidance (Montague and Jitendra, 2009). This paper along these lines characterizes psychological procedure directions, recognizes critical highlights of compelling intellectual techniques, and distinguishes key substance vital for educating immature understudies with gentle learning inabilities in the utilization of the subjective strategy.... of the necessary activities and comprises of basic principles and rules that are identified with settling on compelling choices during the way toward taking care of issues. A portion of the highlights of intellectual technique guidance that make such methodologies compelling for juvenile understudies with mellow learning handicaps include: gadgets of memory that help the understudies ace the methodology; steps of the procedure utilizing regular words and are expressed compactly and essentially starting with activity action words so as to upgrade inclusion and support of understudies; steps of system are properly sequenced and lead to the planned result; steps of the technique utilizing prompts so as to get understudies apply their psychological capacities; and metacognitive techniques utilizing prompts so as to screen execution of critical thinking (Ruya, 2009). There are different such psychological system directions, for example, proof based practice and STAR as will be clarified i n this paper. These subjective system directions are instructional techniques that have been applied in different assignments in the scholastics, and have recently given an approach to teachers to encourage understudy freedom skill across optional, basic and post auxiliary settings. Psychological methodology guidance involves a solid base of proof and utilizes deliberate and express strategies of guidelines that have widely been approved and can be utilized deftly. Psychological procedure guidance as an instructional methodology underlines the advancement of procedures and abilities of speculation as an approach to advance learning. For instance, the proof based practice procedure empowers understudies with gentle learning inabilities to get the hang of spelling words at first obscure to them and permit them to utilize methods of self rectification. Subjective technique

Frontier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wilderness - Essay Example Turner paints the bondage battle as only an occurrence that has a ton of importance to the American history during the development of the westbound. Subjugation was progressively uncontrolled not long before the finish of common war, however didn't happen to elite significance. This adequately depicts the subjection battle as a unimportant factor in American history. The most critical effect of the outskirts on American history, which Turner unconvincingly fights is the advancement of popular government. A mind boggling society is accelerated by the wild, into a sort of crude association dependent on the family. The propensity is hostile to social. This produces antagonistic vibe toward control. The expense finder for example is seen as a delegate of persecution. Similar conditions, as indicated by Turner help in clarifying the trouble of shaping a solid government in the time of the association. The boondocks independence has from the earliest starting point, along these lines advanced majority rules system. For instance, â€Å"the wilderness States that came into the Union in the main quarter of a time of its reality came in with fair testimonial arrangements, and had responsive impacts of the most elevated significance upon the more seasoned States whose people groups were being pulled in there† (Turner 5). Turner infers that the non-topographical components of the outskirts by and by obviously proceed with the present period of globalization that is basically Americanization. Without a doubt, Turner figures that the outskirts is the line of generally quick and viable Americanization. As indicated by Turner, another case of how the wilderness advanced majority rules system is given of western New York that constrained an expansion of testimonial in the protected show of that State in 1821 (Turner 5). In such manner the Turner’s theory isn't persuading on the grounds that the stimulus seems another wave in the American imperialism’s history. In spite of being seen as a support to the abroad extension of the United States and advancement of vote based system, it does

Plants Free Essays

Plants start their lives as seeds. The undeveloped organism inside the seed is considered as the following sexual age of plants. Seed germination is a significant stage in plant’s life. We will compose a custom exposition test on Plants or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Fruitful seed germination is crucial in each imitating species so as to propagate itself. By definition seed germination is the point at which the dry seeds shed from its parent plant, takes up water and is finished when the undeveloped root obviously rises through the external structure of the (seed coat) (Hasanuzzaman et., al. 2013). Bewley (1997) portrayed that it incorporates various occasions that initiate with the take-up of water by the quiet dry seed and end with the stretching of the undeveloped hub. The noticeable sign that germination is finished is normally the entrance of the structures encompassing the undeveloped organism by the (radicle distension). A few creators had announced the significance of germination in the existence pattern of plant. As indicated by Hubbard et., al (2012) this phase in the existence pattern of the plant is considered as a basic occasion as germination is the initial phase in deciding the endurance pace of the harvest along these lines influencing its efficiency. In the interim Donohue et., al. (2010) announced that seed germination is a significant formative stage change in the vegetation cycle, which assumes basic jobs in seedlings foundation and thusly in natural adjustment. The procedure of seed germination includes a few complex procedures and actuation of the seeds metabolic pathways which in the end prompts the rise of recently developed age of plants. Huge numbers of the particular biochemical and physiological procedures which portray sprouting seeds, especially those happening away organs, are uncommon during this stage (Bewley and Black 1994). Information on the germination procedure and of the seedling foundation and advancement, including morphological, physiological, biochemical just as atomic systems and highlights is of fundamental significance for ordered, natural and agronomic investigations of specific plants. There are a few diverse quality articulation that underlies plant improvement, the overall explicitness of these procedures proposes that particular quality sets are actuated and quelled during this stage. The response between actuation of basic catalysts, consecutive arrival of hormones and the vitality relations of the procedure during seed germination are noteworthy in understanding the fitting foundation of plant for its adjustment. Recognizing these qualities and characterizing components associated with controlling their demeanor will help in understanding the control of germination-explicit systems. This audit will give a diagram on the instrument of quality articulation in for the most part in angiosperm plant. The various qualities communicated in incipient organisms and seedlings will likewise be handled A concise depiction of on the hormonal changes and hormonal parity that triggers or advances quality articulation during germination is additionally examined in this paper. Instructions to refer to Plants, Papers

A Quantitative and Qualitative Profile of an English Learner Essay

A Quantitative and Qualitative Profile of an English Learner - Essay Example Objective: figure out how to talk conversant in English. She needed to improve her English with the goal that she could be acknowledged at her preferred school. Right now, she is finished taking broad ESL classes Quantitative Analysis a) Length of expressions typical yet heaps of linguistic mistakes b) Pronunciation-Good and clear c) Sentence structure-poor TABLE 1: ERROR ANALYSIS FOR ERROR CATEGORIES Blunder Category Frequency % of Total Errors Action word tense 25 42 Preposition 5 10 Articles 6 9 Omissions 10 15 Linguistic structure/Other 20 24 TOTAL 66 100 TABLE 2: CONVERSATIONAL FEATURES Conversational Feature No. of Times Used Fillers-you mean (2) 2 Delay sounds-well Modals 5( 2 right) Subjective Analysis a) Psychological Variables- Full of feeling Factors (Schumann’s model) 1. Highly roused to talk fluidly in English 2. the procedure of learning a subsequent language depends vigorously on cooperation with target language speakers

Improve Relationships by Decreasing Verbal Impulses

Improve Relationships by Decreasing Verbal Impulses ADHD Adult ADD/ADHD Print Improve Relationships by Decreasing Verbal Impulses By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on July 12, 2018 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Sam Edwards / Caiaimages / Getty Images Positive connections and relationships with others are so important in our lives. For an individual with ADHD, however, there are many challenges that get in the way of rewarding relationships. Repeated failures in friendships, dating and intimate relationships can take a toll, causing a person to withdraw and isolate him or herself. One area that can be particularly difficult is reigning in impulsive responses. If you tend to say things without thinking, you may easily say something hurtful. Imagine how another person will feel if you impulsively blurt out that your friend’s or partner’s pants make her look fat, for example. Though you may be being honest, what you say will cause another person to feel hurt and angry. If you talk too much and monopolize conversations, take too long to get to your point, or cut off and interrupt others, you may quickly find people avoiding interactions with you. Becoming more aware of the feelings and needs of others can go a long way in improving your social connections. Improving Verbal Interactions Enlist the help of a friend and/or your partner to point out the times you say things without thinking. Some people realize it after the fact, but if you can begin to become more aware of these slip-ups as they are occurring, it is easier to make changes.Everyone feels sensitive to criticism, especially if you have received negative feedback frequently. Talk with your friend about ways he or she can give you feedback that won’t feel critical. Realize yourself that this is an area you want to make improvements in, so feedback will be necessary. Ask your friend/partner to be sure to point out when you interact in a positive way, too.Stop and think, take a deep breath and collect your thoughts so you know what you are going to say before speaking. Think about how your words will be perceived by others. Consciously think about framing your words in a way that will be helpful and informative.Talk over strategies with your friend. One simple strategy that can be helpful is to keep a smal l pad of paper with you to jot down things you want to say. If another person is talking and you begin to feel the urge to interrupt, rather than blurting what youre thinking out, write down the thought instead. Let your friend know you are going to use this strategy, so she doesn’t feel as though you are ignoring her as you write. Jot your thoughts down very quickly so you can get back to refocusing your attention on and engaging in eye contact with the person who is speaking.It is OK to let others know that you can be a little wordy at times and may have trouble getting to the point of your conversation. Ask them to help you out by giving you a sign or politely interrupting and redirecting you to try to get back to the point you wanted to make.Recognizing social cues can be very difficult for a person with ADHD. Let your friend/partner know this is an issue for you, and ask for their help in interpreting cues. Consciously work on becoming more observant of voice tone, facial exp ressions, and body language. Each of these will give you clues as to how another person is feeling as he speaks.Though it is important to approach dating relationships with an open heart, try to be aware of not opening yourself up too quickly. Dont reveal your entire life story on the first date, for example. Use a trusted friend as a sounding board to help better understand some of the “rules” of dating. Though you want to learn more about this new partner and share so that he/she can learn more about you, you don’t want to move so quickly that the person feels put off. It may help to gauge things in the relationship if you try to be a listener. This is helpful especially in the early stages of the relationship, but it continues to be an important skill in all stages of relationships. Ask your partner questions, allow him or her to share, and really listen to what this person is saying. This lets people know you are interested and care about them.

The Ability Of Price And Return Models Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Several papers examined the ability of price and return models along with some alternative forms to accommodate the return-earnings relationship. An important ratio for the more low-risk, defensive investor was introduced by Graham and Dodd in 1933. They introduced the Earnings/Price ratio which is simply the Price/Earnings Ratio but flipped around as a benchmark for equity valuation. After the 1929 stock market crash, they recommend the investors that rather by trying to guess what the future bring, they should concentrate on other factors such as the companys past earnings or the value of its assets. According to Graham and Dodd, a company with strong profits and a relatively low stock price was probably undervalued. Also the fact that each share is value a number of times its current earnings became commonly satisfactory as a specific P/E level enables financial investors to make their buy/sell decision. The authors specified that P/E ratio, which is calculated by curr ent fundamentals, never provide an exact appraisal for stocks. As a conclusion, P/E ratio was first regarded as a rough benchmark for selective stock investment and a tool for applying specific financial strategies so that in the long term, above-market returns can be generated. One of the first works showing the effect of the Price Earnings ratio was done by Nicholson (1960). The first study was based on a sample of 100 stocks which were mainly from industrial issues of trust investment quality and the stock was taken from the period 1939-1959. The stocks were arranged into groups of five according to their P/E ration in ascending order and were rebalanced every five years. The author found out that the twenty lowest multiple stocks had larger price gains as compared to the twenty highest multiple stocks. Those with the lowest P/E would deliver 14.7 times its original investment after the 20-year period, whereas the portfolio with the highest P/E stocks only earned 4.7 times its initial investment. Eight years later, Nicholson (1968) conducted another study where he looked at the earnings of 189 companies between 1937 and 1962. By dividing companies into groups of five, he found out that the average return for companies with a P/E ratio below ten was 12.7% per annum as compare to companies with a P/E ratio above twenty which had an average return of 7.97% per annum. Another studies done by Basus papers (1977) confirmed the results of Nicholson. The author tried to find the relationship between the investment performance of common stocks and their P/E ratio. He studied the price performance of NYSE industrial firms from 1957 to 1971. Two or more portfolios will be computed whereby risk-return relationship is weighted against each other and their performance is measured in pre-determined terms. Price to earnings ratio for every sample was calculated and they were ranked. Five portfolios were formed according to their P/E ratio. Considering the inter-quart ile range, dispersion of the P/E ratio over the 14 years period can be noted where the low portfolio earned a return of 16.3% per annum compared to 9.3% for the high portfolio. Later researches (Jaffe, Keim and westerfield (1989) and Fama and French (1992)) supported the effectiveness that stocks with low P/E ratios produce higher returns. However a possible rejection of Nicholson and Basus studies on the Price Earnings ratio was made by Ball (1978). He conceded the apparent of such effects and argued that abnormal returns could not be produced on the basis of information available in the public area as they are of little or zero costs. Other reasons that could account for this irregularity are the systematic experimental error, transaction and processing costs and failure of Sharpes two parameter CAPM model. Beaver and Morse (1978) found out that when combining stocks into portfolios based on their price to earnings ratio, the differences among the portfolio continued up to t he 14 years and that growth is not able to explain the existence of these little differences. I the years in which the portfolios are created, the price earnings are negatively correlated with earnings growth but positively correlated with earning growth in the next year implying that investors are considering only short-live distortions. In the study, the correlation of earnings growth in 1957 is negative 0.28 and the median correlation over the 19 years is negative 0.28. This is due to investors belief that earnings have been affected by temporary, random events or accounting management policies (rate of inflation, change in accounting treatment), firms which have low earning growth tend to have a high P/E ratio in the same year. As the portfolio are formed on the basis of ratio of price to realised earnings, stocks with transitory earnings will be grouped together meaning portfolio with the highest P/E ratio will be likely to include firms with negative transitory elements, that is, realized earnings are lower than the expected earnings. In the next year, while investors expectations are confirmed and earning growth increases, there is a positive correlation between P/E ration and earning growth. The author concluded that differences in accounting methods are the most evident explanation in differences in the P/E ratio rather than risk and growth. Studies that relate to accounting and price data normally derived the accounting measures from the COMPUSTAT database and for the quality returns they use CRSP data. However some difficulties may arise when using the COMPUSTAT database and Branz and Breen (1986) explained on the two possible problems that may crop up, that is, the ex-post-selection bias and the look-ahead bias. The ex-post-selection meant that companies which have merged, gone bankrupt or otherwise disappeared are no more included in the COMPUSTAT database and also new companies appeared with a full accounting history which does not exist befor e. The look-ahead bias resulted because of a dating problem where investors would not have access to portfolios that were formed at the end of the year and they had to wait several months before having access to it. Branz and Breen eliminated these factors by collecting certain COMPUSTAT items on a monthly basis that contain information on companies that was available to the investors and which also include all companies that had gone bankrupt, merged or disappeared on the COMPUSTAT. They concluded that even though the size effect was present, the Price Earning ratio was no more important as it is the data biases that had generated the evident P/E effect. Alford (1992) studied the accuracy of the valuation of the price to earning ratio when comparable firms are selected on the basis of industry, risk and earning growth. Alford (1992) used a sample of NYSE, ASE and OTC firms for the years 1978, 1982 and 1986 to analyse the accuracy of the price earning valuation. Each of the selec ted comparable firms predicted stock price is compared to its actual price and the author found that the price to earning ratio is an accurate measure of equity valuation. The findings of his research concluded that much of the diversity of P/E is attributed to the variety in the level of risk and earning growth of the individual firm. In addition, the industry factor appears to be a good proxy for risk and earning growth realed to the P/E ratios. Alford (1992) showed that the use of the industry P/E multiplied by the firms earnings per share (EPS) was proved to be an accurate estimator of its equity. The assessment of the accuracy of the P/E estimator was made under the efficient market hypothesis. In an efficient market, the market price changes randomly to reflect all new information. Thus, it can be used to test the accuracy of the theoretical price that Alford (1992) calculated, using P/E ratio. However this condition might not hold for different market. Value strategies hav e been defined by lakonishok, Schleifer and Vishny (1994) as the buying of stocks whose price are low as compared to other indicators of fundamental values such as earnings, dividends, historical prices, book asset or other measures of value in a comprehensive treatment of the issue of value strategies versus glamour stocks. They collected and studied stock prices between the periods 1963 to 1990. Firms are then classified into value or glamour stocks based on their past growth in sales and expected future growth as implied by the then-current P/E ratio. Differences in the expected future growth rated between the value and glamour stocks were found and as shown by the P/E ratio, investors were always overestimating them. For the first couple of years, the glamour stocks grew more quickly but afterwards the growth rates for the two types of stocks were almost identical. Glamour strategies were outperformed by 10-11% per year by the value strategies which used both past low growth and low multiples. Thus, glamour stock became overestimated, failed to meet investors expectation and were gradually abandoned. Stocks with temporarily depressed earnings are lumped together with well-performing glamour stocks in the high expected growth/low E/P category. These stocks with depressed earnings do not experience the same degree of poor future stock performance as the glamour stocks, perhaps because they are less overpriced by the market is the possible reason why the P/E did not produce a large effect as he other measures of fundamental value such as price-to book value or price-to-cash flow. Lakonishok, Schleifer and Vishny (1994) argued that such strategies offer higher return because they take advantage of investors sub-optimal behaviour. They came across little, if any, support that the value strategies were riskier and also found that the value stocks performed better than the glamour stocks. As a conclusion we can say that there has been much research that has be en done on the price earnings ratio. Also many studies have been done throughout the world on different stock exchange market such as the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE). These studies concentrate on the impact of the price earning ration on the stock returns and it has been seen that price earning ratio do affect the stock returns, for example, Basu (1977) confirmed that stocks with low P/E ratio produce higher returns. However these researches had focus mainly on the empirical review rather than the theoretical review and this is the reason why we concentrate more on the empirical review.

The Communism Of Women And Children - 1989 Words

Before delving into the many violations presented, it is first important to clarify why the communism of women and children and a philosopher king are necessary, in theory, for a perfectly just regime. Communism, by definition, is a political movement that believes the state ought to control the means of producing everything on behalf of the people, and it aims to create a society in which everyone is treated equally. Plato never specifically addresses the situation proposed for women and children as ‘communism,’ but the extreme limits imposed upon family and natural desires for the sake of the city point quite obviously to a communistic political structure. The Myth of the Metals in Book 3 indicates how this communism is feasible in theory. The myth supports the idea that the best regime will be attained if men only focus on one job and, therefore, distribute labor in the most efficient way. The myth then solves the problem of designating men to ‘unequal’ j obs by having them born with metals that designate their class with the hope of ensuring their loyalty to the city and their class. As the deceptiveness of this myth foreshadows, this communism is impossible in practice because conflicts with human nature. For arguments sake, human nature, too, should be clarified. By definition, nature is ‘to be;’ an essence. Therefore, any violations of the essence of a human being are violations of human nature. Why a philosopher king is necessitated in the ‘perfectly justShow MoreRelatedPlato Communism1302 Words   |  6 PagesPLATOS THEORY OF COMMUNISM Plato was born in may/june 428/27 BC in Athens in an aristocratic family . Platos real name was Aristocles.He excelled in the study of music , mathematics ,poetry and rhetoric . Plato met with Socrates in 407 BC and became his desciple . The execution of Socrates proved to be the turning point of Platos life . 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I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou - 2313 Words

1. Introduction: Marguerite also known as â€Å"Maya† sees beauty as being a blond white girl instead of an African American girl. Becoming a white girl is the only way she feels that she can escape the black hole that she feels she’s so constantly sucked into. In the book, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†, written by Maya Angelou, Marguerite states â€Å"I was going to look like one of the sweet little white girls who were everybody s dream of what was right with the world†(Introduction). Also, Marguerite states â€Å"Because I was really white and because a cruel fairy stepmother, who was understandably jealous of my beauty, had turned me into a too-big Negro girl, with nappy hair, broad feet and a space between her teeth that would hold a number-two pencil†(Introduction). These two statements made by Marguerite shows that her vision of beauty was being a blond white girl, although she’s black. It seems as if being black, to her, is almost a sin, as she often speaks negatively of herself. The standard of beauty for a young black man in my culture is not what most people may assume it to be. The standard of beauty for a young black man in my culture is not about what you look like, or what materialistic things you may have, but about knowing who you are, and what you have on the inside. Being a respectful young man is one of the most key essentials of beauty in my culture. Also, having a positive goal in life and a plan to get there, is real beauty. If you’re respectful and youShow MoreRelatedI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou1391 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou’s debut autobiography is an article of literature that depicts the life of a young black girl growing up in a world pitted against her, and the resilience she found in herself in order to survive. Angelou is a voice that is not often heard. In a world dominated by a white male narrative, the plights of the minority are ofte n overshadowed. 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The story explains in detail the overwhelming amount of excitement and eagerness comingRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou1609 Words   |  7 PagesI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou displays several characters who each own a voice that they make their own. Throughout the memoir, the reader learns about Angelou’s life, including the people that she grew up with as a child. One of the main characters that had a significant impact on Angelou as she was growing up was her brother, Bailey. Bailey helped Angelou understand the life around her as she was trying to navigate the world. He was a strong role model that she could look up toRead MoreEssay on I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou2409 Words   |  10 Pagesskin. Since they were evidently treated differently, many despised the fact that they were black. As a result of their helpless circumstances, it was understandable that many blacks during that time lacked confidence and sel f-acceptance. Maya Angelou was an African American girl who grew up during this challenging time. During her childhood, she witnessed and experienced racial prejudice first hand. She had difficultly understanding and accepting the consequences that accompanied belongingRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou Analysis840 Words   |  4 Pagesperson is none other than Maya Angelou. Angelou has been a famous American poet since the release of her 1969 autobiography, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. Angelou has inspired many people by telling her life story to the public, but not only did she inspire, she also created a very different and personal point of view of the world we live in. The poem’s she has written transition from pain and suffering or to courage and confidence. Nonetheless, even though Angelou wrote mostly about anguishedRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings913 Words   |  4 Pages Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sin gs is an autobiography that describes the coming of age of a Southern black girl who overcomes society’s cruelty as she grows up. Taking place in Stamps, Kansas during the 1930s, the autobiography captures Marguerite Ann Johnson’s, or Maya’s, battle of finding herself and coming to terms with who she is while growing up in a time period comprised of oppression and discrimination. Furthermore, Maya endures many childhood hardships due to her race, and sheRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings701 Words   |  3 PagesMaya Angelou: â€Å" I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings† In this poem Maya Angelou talks about the civil rights movement. She also express her personal life of what she went through such as being raped at the age of 6 by her mother’s boyfriend and also becoming mute for 5 years. She also states how she got pregnant and had to raise a child at 16. All these events led up to writing this poem from a caged bird that sings point of view. â€Å"Remembrance† In this poem Maya Angelou express how she was being rapedRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1888 Words   |  8 Pages Maya Angelou once said â€Å"We may encounter many defeats but we must not be defeated† and this phrase speaks volume in comparison to Angelou’s life story. She was born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4th, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. The name Maya was given to her by her older brother, Bailey Jr. Maya Angelou is not only a sister, but also an inspirational role model, a mother, an author, a poet, a civil rights activist, and an actor. In 1969 Angelou’s world renowned book â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird

Where to Find My Philosophy in Life Essay Topics

Where to Find My Philosophy in Life Essay Topics Where to Find My Philosophy in Life Essay Topics Most of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays also, therefore it is quite important to grab the interest of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. So, the very best thing you can do in order to forget about your writing problems is to get an essay on the website. It isn't good to compose a paper in case you don't possess writing skills. Consequently, students may produce different thesis for unique themes to compose essays on hamlet. When presented with philosophy essay topics to select from, you need to do it swiftly and begin with your academic load. If you're not able to grasp the topic of the discipline, then you ought not elect for it otherwise you won't have the ability to write on it. 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It's a fact that there are a whole lot of sites out there which promise their potential clients top-class papers. By visiting our site, you will discover an illustration of philosophy in life essay that it is possible to utilize to understand the caliber of work we can deliver for you. Type of My Philosophy in Life Essay Topics Any religion that doesn't preach Kentra's philosophy needs to be discarded. Belief in the afterlife stipulates a feeling of hope for life. Each philosopher had his own spin on the significance of life. Philosophy is the study that's associated with the fundamental character of wisdom and existence. There are various philosophy paper topics, so it may be hard to decide on the one which can help you earn a great gra de. Philosophy class equip pupils to come up with built-in personal price. Actually, our crew of dedicated writers can take care of a normal essay within periods of 6-5 hours. 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The range of paragraphs depends on the duration of the essay. Each of us has her or his own meaning. My Philosophy in Life Essay Topics Explained Each portion of the question needs to be answered. The subject of choice is going to be expected to withstanding academic inquiry. Apparently, it's simpler for your mind to divert more to the loud disturbance. You will discover your mind diverting more to a single side. There'll be intense resistance, and should you attempt to pursue the point, then you'll seethe narcissistic personality emerge. After you buy a sense of your topic and receive the feeling that you've gained some comprehension of it, you're able to competently write about doing it. You should have you r reasons, and our principal concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. It's only logical to suppose that the absence of understanding of the subject prevents you from communicating your ideas in a very clear and persuasive way. 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An Analysis on the Works Of Ida B. Wells Essay - 1113 Words

In the words of Miss Ida B. Wells: The student of American sociology will find the year of 1894 marked by a pronounced awakening of the public conscience to a system of anarchy and outlawry which had grown during a series of ten years to be so common, that scenes of unusual brutality failed to have any visible effect upon the humane sentiments of the people of our land. She is depicting a period of time in American history stained with the blood of hundreds of free African American men, women and children. These people were unjustly slaughtered through the practice of lynching within the South. Wells was an investigative journalist and was involved in exploring, reporting, publishing literature on, and eventually campaigning against the†¦show more content†¦Twenty-first century reporters fill the airwaves with â€Å"news† pertaining to facets of life entirely opposite of awareness and activism. When news regarding anything aside from the lives of celebrities or curre nt pop culture does make the headlines, the story seems presented in a watered-down, somehow censored, fashion; leaving the reader asking more questions than they received answered. As the major methods of mass media become increasingly consumer driven, the great majority are presented with less mentally stimulating material called â€Å"news†. As a result, Americans are often less informed, and thus less willing to become involved in, political, social, and economic issues, nation and worldwide. Through the application of relevant and straightforward journalism, like that practiced by Ida B. Wells, the people of this country may be armed with the knowledge needed to have an effect on the events unfolding today that will affect tomorrow. In each of her three bodies of work Wells takes time to carefully explain the objective for the publication of the document while outlining a plan of action in order to go about obtaining said objective. She maintains a universal purpose throughout her campaign, which can simply be summarized as a desire to â€Å"place the facts before the American people and later before the world† with her ultimate goal being â€Å"to intervene boldlyShow MoreRelatedThey Say: Ida B. Wells and the Reconstruction of Race, by James W. Davidson. Ida B. Wells as a parallel to African Americans trying to gain empowerment in post-emancipation America1409 Words   |  6 PagesLana Cox History 121 Professor Adejumobi November 7, 2008 Critical Book Review THEY SAY: IDA B. WELLS AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF RACE By James West Davidson Ida B. Wells, an African-American woman, and feminist, shaped the image of empowerment and citizenship during post-reconstruction times. The essays, books, and newspaper articles she wrote, instigated the dialogue of race struggles between whites and blacks, while her personal narratives, including two diaries, a travel journal, and anRead More Lynching and Women: Ida B. Wells Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesWomen: Ida B. Wells Emancipated blacks, after the Civil War, continued to live in fear of lynching, a practice of vigilantism that was often based on false accusations. Lynching was not only a way for southern white men to exert racist â€Å"justice,† it was also a means of keeping women, white and black, under the control of a violent white male ideology. In response to the injustices of lynching, the anti-lynching movement was established—a campaign in which women played a key role. Ida B. WellsRead MoreUnconditional Love Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pagesenemies because they used her body for their pleasures, and they lied to her. Asha views her life as though she has nothing to live for. She sees herself as a common noun and not a proper noun as she constantly writes her name as asha. As Ida B. Wells writes in Spell It with a Capital, many non-African descendants consider the word Negro as a common noun and that it should be written as negro. Negro is a proper noun because it describes a group of people and who those people are -- AfricanRead MoreCharlotte Perkins Gilman, Ida B. Wells Barnett and the Fight for Fairness and Equality for Undocumented Immigrants2243 Words   |  9 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman, Ida B. Wells Barnett and the Fight for Fairness and Equality for Undocumented Immigrants Kristin Fine The women founders of sociological theory made it possible for women and members of other marginalized communities to gain access to the rights and privileges their white male counterparts enjoyed for centuries. In particular, the incredible lives of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Ida B. Wells-Barnett allowed new avenues of academia and social change that had not previouslyRead MoreWhy Did Lynching Occur Towards African Americans in American History?1904 Words   |  8 Pagesperiod. In the Ida B wells book â€Å"The Red Record† she explains that lynching wasn’t just about accused crimes of the African American man, but the lynching of African American men in the community who were Black people who were educated or business men. She concludes this by examining the different excuses the whites gave regarding the reasoning behind the massive lynching throughout the year. The first excuse to the rest of the world was to stamp out alleged race riots. Ida B. wells argues this couldn’tRead MoreWhat Are The Major Implementation Details On The Software Architecture Of The Hybrid Sensing Network?1641 Words   |  7 PagesIn the following subsections, major implementation details on the software architecture of the SPS are provided. A. Hybrid Sensing Network To develop all the HSN components, as well as for integrated 6LRR nodes, the XM1000 sensor board from Advanticsys [25] has been used. Specifically, the 6LRR has been implemented by interconnecting the Sensor ID Discovery Gate UHF [26] reader to the XM1000 sensor board via the UART interface. Furthermore, in order to develop aRead MoreRomantic Essay, The Streetcar Named Desire: The Catcher In The Juliet1899 Words   |  8 Pagesmy ability to work cooperatively with my peers and actively listen to one another. Overall I earned a 92% on the fishbowl which is an A-. Lastly, I chose the American Rebels project because I did a very good job at formatting and incorporating multiple details about Ida B. Wells. I also chose this because I did a very good job at utilizing google powerpoint. I earned an A on this assignment. Lastly, I chose to include my Streetcar essay because I earned a 96/100. This piece of work is alo includedRead MoreA Swot and Pest Analysis10002 Words   |  41 PagesHUONG HAAND KEN COGHILL E-Government in Singapore — A Swot and Pest Analysis HUONG HA Department of Management, Monash University, Australia Huong.Ha@BusEco.monash.edu.au KEN COGHILL Department of Management, Monash University, Australia Ken.Coghill@BusEco.monash.edu.au ABSTRACT This paper aims to review and evaluate the vision, the objectives and the strategic framework of e-Government in Singapore. Rapidity, Reliability, Efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, Customer-orientation and AccessibilityRead MoreBook Review: Black Feminist Thought (Patricia Hill Collins) Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesPaper, $26.21, 0-415-92484-7.) Patricia Hill Collins’s work, Black Feminist Thought seeks to center Black Women into intersectionalist thought, addressing the power struggles that face them not only due to their race but also to the gender. Masculine rhetoric and powerful male leaders such as Huey P. Newton and Eldridge Cleaver have overshadowed Black Women’s stories, both in and out of the Civil Right Rights/Black Power Era. It is an analysis that defines Black Feminist Thought, instead of recyclingRead MoreA Nursing Process Approach to Malignant Melanoma1155 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Process Approach to Malignant Melanoma To fully comprehend the concept of the nursing process, one must first understanding what nursing is and the history of nursing. Nursing has evolved over the years from a basic system of care to a well-developed professional system in which special ways of think are applied in order to efficiently maximums patient care. The base of nursing is patient care, thus the nursing process is the foundation for nursing practice and key to ensuring the needs

Geography Bangladesh Coursework Free Essays

string(111) " of the land is in the colour blue, meaning it is very close to sea level, increasing the chances of flooding\." To what extent does the Physical Environment of Bangladesh determine its level of development? What efforts could be made to reduce the country’s problems? The aim of this coursework is to investigate how Bangladesh’s Physical environment is affecting the rate of the development of the country. Furthermore, to explore what efforts could be made to reduce the country’s problems. [Section 1] To what extent does the Physical Environment of Bangladesh determine its level of development? Bangladesh is situated in South Asia. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography Bangladesh Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is surrounded by India, and borders Burma. The population is roughly 150 million people; 45% of it’s population is in poverty. The minority of the population of in Bangladesh are located in Dhaka, the capital city, Chittagong and Khulna; most of the population are located in rural areas. The main river running through Bangladesh is the Ganges-Brahmaputra. This river is the main cause of the issues in Bangladesh. Monsoons occur every year, without fail, causing the country even more problems. Only 40. % of the adult population are literate, and only 21. 6% of children have secondary education. The government are continually trying to solve the problems, but this is unsuccessful as a result of the country’s poor wealth. Bangladesh is 49. 8% below the poverty line referring to its wealth, and its rapid population growth hinders the development of the country. There are many reasons why Bangladesh is an LEDC. The main reason for this, is the flooding which occurs every year as a harsh result of the monsoons, prohibiting the speed of development. The river Ganges-Brahmaputra is seen as an ‘untameable’ river, which changes its form very frequently. This causes disaster in itself as it destroys many parts of Bangladesh’s fertile land which is at is best by the river. As a result of this, there are a lot of homes located along the river as it is a main source of water for everyday life, and to provide jobs such as farming and agricultural work. As a result of this, the continuous building and rebuilding of communities uses time and money, consequently slowing down the progression of the country. Another reason for Bangladesh being an LEDC is a consequence of its highly dense population. This would not be a problem if money was sufficient in Bangladesh, but the country is poor, meaning it cannot provide for its large number of inhabitants. Finally, the aid given to Bangladesh by other countries can be useless, for example, much of the money aid given to the Bangladeshi government, are loans. When the country cannot afford pay back the loans, Bangladesh is in more and more debt, meaning the development of the country is decelerate. Furthermore, most of the other aid given to the country does not help the poor, continuing poverty; highly-skilled experts can be expensive, again spending the money the government do not have; charities can be influenced by the people who support them, therefore the aid given may to be teach a certain subject, whereas simple life skills may be of more use; and fi- nally, the aid may be given to individuals, rather than communities which would be more useful. Bangladesh is between stages 2 and 3 in development. The country is poorly educated, meaning families are stuck in a poverty circle. This is when a family are poor, they have many children because the majority of them will die due to disease and malnutrition. The family need the surviving children to work to provide for the family, and to look after the parents when they are old. Then the children have children, who will do the same for their parents. This is a vicious circle which is extremely hard to get out of. Another reason why Bangladesh is in between the stages 2 and 3 is because of the floods, continually destroying parts of the country, and their valuable crops which help to provide many, many families with income. Furthermore, the money aid given to the country is usually in the form of loans; when the country is unable to repay these loans, they get into serious debt. The reason Bangladesh is in the development stages between 2 and 3 is as a result of a combination of factors. (Data from 1989. ) The employment structure in Bangladesh is very different from here in the UK. In the UK, just 7% of the population are unemployed; whereas in Bangladesh, 25% of the population are unemployed. Of those who are employed, 75% work in agricultural jobs such as, farming the fertile land. In the UK, only 2% of the population are employed for agricultural positions. % of the Bangladeshi population are working for the industry, and 20% of the UK work for the industry. 78% of the employed population in the UK are working in services, and just 19% in Bangladesh. This data shows that Bangladesh are still very much relying on the old way of life, working on farms for example, while most of the population in the UK are working in jobs such as policemen/women. This also implies that if the land is damaged, or crops do not flourish successfully as a result of the flooding, almost four fifths of the population suffer from an immense fall in their income. This is a major reason contributing to why Bangladesh’s physical environmental is such an impact on the stage of development. Bangladesh do have another way of making money though. They export some goods, mainly to the US. The main exports are fish products, textiles, clothing and jute (a type of woven material). This brought in $1,305 million to Bangladesh in 1989. Bangladesh is situated in Asia. It borders Burma, and is surrounded by India. The land in Bangladesh is mainly floodplains and delta; suggesting that there would be a high level of flooding in the country, slowing down any development of the area. As we can see from the map, (below), most of the land is in the colour blue, meaning it is very close to sea level, increasing the chances of flooding. You read "Geography Bangladesh Coursework" in category "Papers" Also, there are many swampy locations liable to flooding. The majority of the country is up to just 10 meters above sea level. The country is flat, also meaning when large amounts of flooding by the large and main rivers occur, the water would spread out quickly, therefore this would affect vast areas of the country, rather than just secluded areas. The main rivers flowing through Bangladesh are the River Brahmaputra, the River Meghna and the River Ganges. This, therefore, affects a huge number of the people, as when the rivers flood, the rivers are close together, increasing the volume of the flood water, and increasing the impact on the Bangladeshi society. As a result of the country being mainly floodplains and the four main rivers running through, building on the plains would be unconstructive and a waste of valuable money, this meaning the development of the country is very limited, due to the physical features of Bangladesh. The climate in Bangladesh is split into three main phases; the hot season, the cool season and the rainy season. The hot season is between March and June. The cool season is between November and February, and the rainy season is between June to September. The hot season is known to consist of some heavy showers. Depending on the area, the amount of rainfall throughout Bangladesh in the rainy season, ranges between 200cm and 300cm; the north tends to have the most rain. During this season, tropical rainstorms occur also. These can cause very strong winds and more heavy rain. The wind spreads the flood water out more over many miles, causing excess flooding, prohibiting development of the country further. The temperatures in Bangladesh are fairly consistent. The temperatures do drop during the winter, but on average, do not fall to below 10 degrees Celsius. In the summer, the temperatures reach their highest during April and May. These temperatures are roughly 34 degrees Celsius. The annual monsoons have devastating effects on the people of Bangladesh. Firstly, the floods have destroyed many of the Bangladeshi people’s homes and many communities, leaving some dead, and some badly injured. Aid has to be called for as the country cannot support itself alone, meaning they have to rely on others. Another effect is that cattle are stranded and worse, drowned in the floods. This means farmers are losing valuable ‘tools,’ consequently loosing money as a result. Furthermore, the water will become stagnant and cause things to rot, attracting vermin, eventually spreading disease. In addition to this, homes and building vital for development of the country will be destroyed, bringing development back to square one every time there is a major flood. As we can see, there is a huge impact of monsoons on the whole country, keeping it in a state of poverty. Yes, the weather does effect the development of the country as every time the country is flooded, valuable and limited money is spent on repairs and aid. This can get Bangladesh onto serious debt, meaning money is spent on other things which need to be spent on development, stumping the development of the country on a regular basis. There are three main rivers running through Bangladesh. There is the River Brahmaputra (below left and below right), the River Meghna and the River Ganges. The River Brahmaputra is the largest of the three; it is 2,900km long in total. The river does not start in Bangladesh, but it splits into two there. The river also flows through Tibet, India and China as well as Bangladesh. The rivers source is high up in the Himalayas in Tibet, and travels at a steep anticlimax until it finally levels out in the plains in India. After 35km of travel, the river joins to two others, and becomes the very wide River Brahmaputra. The river travels into Bangladesh, and is used there for a range of purposes. The main ones being a source of energy, food, clean water, deposition of waste in the deepest parts, defence barriers and transport. One of the most important uses of the river is for energy. Because there are waves, generators are assembled and when the waves reflect off of them, energy and power is created. Much energy is produced every second because the river is so large. Another main use of the river, is that it is fast moving water, (not as fast as the Ganges), meaning it is fresh, enabling the people to use it as drinking water. People will bottle this water, and sell it. A good way of making money. People are able to use boats and swim in the river as the water is not as rough in the River Brahmaputra than it is in the River Ganges. The river causes many problems as well as being of use to the people. When it floods, which is every year, it kills crops, people and cattle. It also destroys homes and leaves villages wrecked. The river Ganges is seen as a wild and untameable river. Its source is also in the Himalayas at the confluence of six other rivers. A confluence is the meeting of two or more rivers or water sources. The Ganges then flows through India and into Bangladesh. The river is seen as sacred to the people because when it comes into the city of Kanpur, it is joined by the Yamuna at Allahabad. This point is recognised as the Sangam at Allahabad. The Sangam is a scared place in Hinduism, therefore the river has some religious meaning to it. The River Ganges has also been used for modern day films, and to test out new submarines. Because of its unique features, some submarines and other vessels have been named after it. The final main river is the River Meghna. This river begins its journey in the hilly regions of India. It is the only one of the three main rivers that actually forms inside of Bangladesh itself. It is a very dangerous river, so the people who live near it, cannot use it as it is so very dangerous. Its only use to its people is that it deposits a lot of silt, so therefore the local farmers can enjoy successful crops. As we can see, each river has advantages and disadvantages. The River Ganges is viewed as the least constructive of the main rivers as it is prone to flooding, and the deposition of silt is low, meaning it is of little use to farmers. In addition to this, the river is highly polluted. The River Meghna is useful as it deposits a lot of silt, yet is far too dangerous to bath or wash, cook clean etc. in. So, this means that the River Brahmaputra is the most useful to the country. It allows people drinking water, water to cook, clean and sell. Furthermore, it is a huge supplier of energy to Bangladesh, meaning it is valuable for the development of the country. Deforestation does have a large impact on the rivers in Bangladesh. It increases the amount of surface runoff where the forest has been cleared because there is no interception of the plants and there are no trees to use the extra water in photosynthesis. This means that the surface runoff will flow into the rivers, causing the water levels to rise, and contributing to the flooding. To conclude, the rivers have uses, but are also prone to at least 3 major floods a year, hindering the development of the country. Deforestation is causing a rise in water levels also. However, the River Brahmaputra is a useful source of energy, helping to contribute to the development of the country. There are many things which are being done to overcome the Bangladesh’s problems. As a result of the country’s poor wealth, it is a great struggle to try to pull the country out of its current state of poverty. There already have been, and will be many schemes to try to rule out the problems Bangladesh has and is experiencing. For example, the Flood Action Plan was set up, also, the World Bank plan was established, flood guards have been purchased, and the H. E. E. D scheme was set up. The H. E. E. D Scheme The H. E. E. D scheme was developed and designed by the Tear Fund. The Tear Fund is a Christian Charity, working globally to try to eliminate poverty. The H. E. E. D scheme’s aim was to support villages in Bangladesh to push for a better future. H. E. E. D stands for Health, Education, Economic, Development. The scheme operates by addressing the roles of both women and men in society to allow everybody to play a part in trying to overcome problems, together. Women form in groups of about 20 to discuss problems and show that they have a voice and that they also have rights in society. Only the women are able to do this as they are the only ones who have the time. Their main role is to be a housewife, looking after the family, while the men are out working. The men work as farmers all day, therefore they are unable to support the women as much. How to cite Geography Bangladesh Coursework, Papers

Ethical Analysis Prudence and Morality

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Analysis for Prudence and Morality. Answer: Introduction: The importance of making an ethical decision, in crucial times becomes very difficult. Nevertheless, often tempted by the present situation, or in order to survive in the present moment, an individual resorts to a morally wrong course of action. As an Application Manager working on a project, I have also been compelled to resort to an ethically unjust course of action. While working on a project with the help of a leading edge technology, I have encountered a serious problem in finishing off with my work in a given point. Since the project has been using a time consuming technology, I have been unable to complete or even make a slight progress in the implementation of the project. However, I have not been able to communicate the technical problems to the senior management system, and consequently they had been unaware of the progress despite the fact that the senior management had kept on funding the project despite the lack of progress. Further, while the senior management asked us to explain the progress in written form, left with almost no alternative, I deemed it right to present a set of predetermined results to the management authority. Though this was a deceitful step, the senior management was unable to identify the misrepresented facts, and kept on funding. However, I intend to conduct an ethical analysis of the action perpetrated by me to determine my future course of action. Given the specific situation, I have perpetrated an action that cannot be regarded to be morally correct. The first fact that proves this is that I kept on deceiving the senior management authority, by pretending that I had been working on the project, as a result of which I kept on receiving funds. However, what was even morally worse is that despite being asked in person about the progress of the project, I held back the fact that the progress of the project had remained on a halt. However, an important fact that should be noted here is that this would have required me to contradict the project manager, I am currently working under, and this might result in the loss of my employment as well. As far as the issues are concerned, I had perpetrated an action that has involved the deceit of a group of people, and I had manipulated my way to remain good in the eyes of the management authority. I have lied and pretended that I have made remarkable progress in my projects though I have not done the same. However, Socrates does not consider any action to be ethically wrong because it is traditionally considered to be wrong by the majority, but rather has put forward the distinctive Socratian thought (Gasper 2016). Challenging the commonplace ideas about what a right action constitutes, Socrates put forward that it is important for a perpetrator to have self-confidence in his course of action, and to scrutinize its impact on the society in a detached way. Hence, the point is the goodness of an action cannot be simply determined by commonplace, socially constructed terms like pretension, lies and deceit (Berman 2014). Though I may have lied, my purpose has never been to deceive the management authority. Rather, owing to the technical problems, my project was delayed. Of course, the point still remains that I could have informed them about the lack of progress, but yet I was directed by my Project Manager to write the program, writing about the success of the technology. I did not deem it right to oppose my Project Manager, and hence I chose it right to keep myself quiet. However, if I have to consider what Confucius said I cannot justify my action. According to the Confucian philosophy, to see what is right, and yet not choosing the right path, is a moral flaw that exhibits lack of courage and sheer hypocrisy. Hence, I should have told my Project Manager that it is ethically a wrong choice to misrepresent facts to the senior management authority (Kuo 2014). It is also important to find out the people or the party who would get affected by my action. First of all, the senior management authority will be primarily affected by the action, as they have been deceived to believe that the project has made remarkable progress. Hence, though they have funded and are continuing to fund the project, their financial investment is not likely to bring about any change in the completion of my project. As a result, the senior management authority would suffer from a financial loss, without the project bringing them any concrete benefit. The stakeholders of the company would also suffer from a potential loss in case we are unable to complete the project within the given time (Hudson 2016). However, though primarily the management authority would get affected, it is undeniable that I as well as my project manager will also get affected gradually. In case we are unable to complete the project within the given time, we will be questioned and might be accus ed of having misrepresented facts, leading to a huge penalty, such as suspension or even termination of service. The ethical implications of the action perpetrated by me are complex and multiple. As far as I am concerned, I had very limited ethical choices to make my decision from. In case I would have taken the path of honesty and integrity, telling every problem to the senior managers, my project manager might have been disgruntled by my action. On the other hand, lying to my senior management is also an ethically wrong option as well. However, my action can be justified in terms of Aristotelian theory of Virtue Ethics. According to Aristotle, an action can be defined to be virtuous if it is done in the right way for the right goal. In other words, a virtuous person may fail terribly if he merely tries to show his courage by speaking up the right thing in a wrong situation (Yu 2013). For instance, if I would have told my senior managers that owing to the adoption of a time-consuming technology, our project implementation is being delayed, I might just get myself in trouble. This is because my senior managers might not have any confidence in my expertise, and further this might also upset my project manager, as he would have expected me to conform to his decision. Hence, if the Aristotelian theory of virtue ethics is to be considered, my action can be justified as an ethically correct option. This is because the right action is the mid-point between extremes. Virtue consists of telling what needs to be told, that what can be told (Kenny 2016). Hence, it is an ethical choice to remain quiet about the technical problems for the time-being, as we have not deceived anyone with the purpose of robbing their money. Our project team has tried and will try to complete the project within the given time. In the mean time, the exposure of facts would have ruined the situation, by creating an atmosphere of confusion and distrust. However, again if I have to consider the moral theory of Confucius, my point action can be regarded to be morally unethical. According to Confucius theory, a virtuous person is he, who first tries to overcome his problems, and later he reflects about his success. However, in my case I considered my career first, and realizing that speaking the truth might offend my senior managers as well as my project manager, I considered it right to keep quiet about the entire situation (Cooper 2015). However, I should have prioritized my obligation towards the company I am working for, instead of trying to save my day. Again, my action can also be justified to be an ethical one, if I am to consider the definition of morality as put forward by Machiavelli. According to Machiavelli, an action is not defined as virtuous if it consists of actions that are considered to be necessarily good, but rather an action that exhibits the political skill of an individual in his ability to avoid problems is defined to be virtuous (Machiavelli 2016). Seen in the light of this definition, it would have been ethically objectionable for me to state the true facts blatantly to the senior managers, as it would not only threat my job stability, but is also likely to disturb their peace of mind, ultimately disturbing the organizational harmony of my workplace. My senior managers do not possess sufficient knowledge about how applications might work, and hence might be worried, if told the truth that all their fund is wasted for noting. However, owing to our efforts to implement the projects, it is likely that with the help of the funds, we would be able to complete the project within the given period of time. Hence, we are not deceiving the senior managers, ad stealing away their money, keeping them deluded. We are just responding to the call of the situation, and hence acted in a way that would be beneficial to maximum number of people. It should be remembered that Bentham and Mill have also stated that an action can be deemed to be right only if the action can produce maximum satisfaction for maximum number of people. Hence, if the truth is to be told, the senior managers as well as the other stakeholders might start anticipating about the future success of the project, and this might also lead to our termination of service as well (Ryan 2015). Hence, my action can be interpreted as an ethically just action, given that it ensured maximum satisfaction for the people involved. However, whatever the ethical implication be, the question still remains as to what should be done about the situation. Before taking any final step, it is important to take note of moral philosophy as stated by Tom Morris who said that one should treat others exactly the way they want to be treated (Silcox 2016). Accordingly, it is clear that I myself would never wish to be deceived, and told that all my money is wasted because of people lying to me. Hence, I will try my best to communicate the importance of finishing the project within the given time, to my project manager and my co-employees. In case it becomes difficult, we will shift to other technology, at our own expense, and thus I wish to complete the project within the time (Brown 2016). At the end of the ethical analysis, I would like to state that the only option other than the one stated above was to inform the senior managers. Since they might not understand how the technology was responsible for the delay, there was a high chance that I would have been misunderstood. Hence, it would always be best to keep silent for the time being, start working for the project in accordance with the predetermined results and complete it within the time being. This might imply huge pressure on me to complete the project, but it is the only feasible solution that can save me and the situation alike, without causing anyone trouble. Reference List: Berman, S., 2014. Prudence and morality: Socrates versus moral philosophers.South African Journal of Philosophy,33(4), pp.381-394. Brown, B., 2016. Configurations of the Ethical. Cooper, J.M., 2015. Ethical-Political Theory in Aristotle's Rhetoric. Gasper, D., 2016. Ethics of development. Hudson, N., 2016. Confucius: A Guide for the Perplexed by Yong Huang (review).China Review International,21(1), pp.54-58. Kenny, A., 2016.The Aristotelian Ethics: A study of the relationship between the Eudemian and Nicomachean ethics of Aristotle. Oxford University Press. Kuo, J., 2014. Could Confucian morality in The Analects present a viable alternative for rulers to the subjective morality in Machiavellis The Prince?.Philosophy. Machiavelli, N., 2016.The Quotable Machiavelli. Princeton University Press. Ryan, A., 2015. 16. Utilitarianism and Bureaucracy: The Views of JS Mill. Silcox, M., 2016. Grossman, Morris. Art and Morality: Essays in the Spirit of George Santayana. Fordham University Press, 2014, xvi+ 315 pp., 3 bw illus., $85.00 cloth, $26.00 paper. Yu, J., 2013.The ethics of Confucius and Aristotle: Mirrors of virtue(Vol. 7). Routledge.

Stem Cells What How and Why Essay Example For Students

Stem Cells: What How and Why? Essay Stem Cells: What, How and Why?Stem cells are infinitely valuable when considering theirpotential applications in the medical profession. Whilecurrent legislative restrictions have halted the development ofnew ?stem cell lines? to any agency or company that receivesany form of governmental grants, there is no question that themedical profession is standing at the brink of a new era oftechnological advancements in healthcare and research. Stem cells are valuable due to the fact that they are?non-designated,? (have no specifically assigned task in thebody, i.e. liver cells, brain cells, skin cells, etc.) and theyalso have the ability to divide indefinitely. Thus,theoretically stem cells could replace any damaged or lostspecifically designated cells within the body.However, thisis just a brief mention of the potential applications of stemcell research, which will be discussed at a later point in thisessay. We will write a custom essay on Stem Cells: What How and Why? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Stem cells are categorized into three genres based upontheir potential developmental capability, total to limited. (NIH PRIMER http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)Totipotent stem cells are stem cells whose potential istotal, thus totipotent. Totipotent stem cells are derived fromembryonic tissue and fertilized ovarian eggs. This type of stem cell is of particular importance toresearchers due to its ability to ?specialize intoextraembryonic membranes and tissues, the embryo, and allpostembryonic tissues and organs? (NIH Primer). However thesetype of cells are extremely difficult to come by and only occurin certain places at certain developmental times. Pluripotent stem cells are stem cells in which theirpotential is large but not total as in Totipotent stem cells. These cells lead to the development of many cells, but cannotderive certain types of fetal cells necessary for thedevelopment of a fetus as do Totipotent stem cells.Thesecells undergo further assigment into cells that are designed toderive specifically assigned cells. Pluripotent stem cells aresomewhat easier to come by comparatively speaking to totipotentstem cells. The final genre of stem cells is that of multipotent stemcells. These cells are more specialized than the other twocategories and thus are more restricted in their capability. Multipotent stem cells are derived from pluripotent stemcells.While pluripotent stem cells are least in theirpotential capability, they are however the easiest type of stemcell to acquire. Two methods of acquiring pluripotent stemscells have been born by two different men. The first method, developed by Dr. Thomson involves ?theisolation of pluripotent stem cells directly from the innercell mass of human embryos at the blastocyst stage. Dr. Thomson received embryos from IVF (InVitro Fertilization)clinics.?.Dr. Thomson isolated the inner cell mass andcultured these cells producing a pluripotent stem cell line.? (NIH Primer)The second method of deriving pluripotent stem cells wasdeveloped by Dr. Gearhart. In this more controversial method,Gearhart obtained stem cells from the fetal tissue ofterminated pregnancies. He took cells from areas of the fetusthat would soon develop into the reproductive organs of thefetus.He then isolated the inner cell mass and culturedthese cells. In was in this way that Dr. Gearhart produced apluripotent stem cell line which would be available to otherresearchers. What little we know about stem cells has already altered thecourse of medical research and new findings are sure to expandon this occurrence. The potential applications of stem cellresearch include advancements in the study of Parkinson?s,Alzheimer?s, spinal cord damage, stroke, burn victims andpatients in need of skin grafts, heart disease, diabetes andarthritis in addition to answering some of the many questionsregarding gene therapy. .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e , .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .postImageUrl , .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e , .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e:hover , .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e:visited , .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e:active { border:0!important; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e:active , .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaa7e84a03dde265bf58653d8c71f7b6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Life and Art of Paul Gauguin EssaySo what?s the problem? Well, the NIH (National Institutesof Health) issued a ?primer? to explain what exactly are stemcells and what is the debate. While this primer was my onlysource for this essay, it did neglect to discuss certaingovernmental issues, which revolve around the issue at hand. Most likely this can be attributed to the obvious, the NIH is agovernmental agency. This is a precise example of why theissue of stem cell research is being called into question. Offcourse, ethics is at the bottom of the debate,

Get A Quick And Simple Critical Approach Essay

Get A Quick And Simple Critical Approach EssayA Critical Approach essay must have four things: the fact of the matter, the bold statement, the judgment, and the consequence. The first part of this process can be done in as few as two sentences and it will help to give you a clear understanding of what to include on your critical essay. For example, a lawyer might include the statement, 'In most states, failure to pay your taxes is a misdemeanor. Therefore, for someone who fails to pay his or her taxes, paying the tax penalty may not be a solution.'This free sample critical approach essay can help you establish the outcome as well as the means by which the reader will arrive at their decision. This type of essay must contain arguments that lead them to arrive at the conclusion that tax evasion is a criminal offense and therefore should be punished.A free sample critical essay must also include a judgment. This is a statement that says something that, in their opinion, must be done. Th ere is no judgment that should be given here. The final sentence of the ftce sample critical approach essay must state the consequences.The ftce critical essay examples can be completed as essays, short stories, or even poems. They can be written in an introductory type of essay, the intermediate type of essay, or the conclusion type of essay. No matter how you write them, these essays should be personal and engaging. People who are working towards the same goal as you are should enjoy reading your essay.A free sample critical essay must have important facts included in the essay as well as the judgments of the reader. A critical essay must also contain the facts that lead to the judgment that this crime should be punished by the law.To help you become an effective writer on this type of essay, the free sample critical essay outlines that are available online can help you get started. You can also go to a school or college and look for instructors who teach this type of essay.Writin g a critical approach essay is not as easy as writing a standard essay. It requires you to be creative, learn to use your words, and prepare yourself mentally before you begin writing. It is very important that you do not overlook the importance of the fact and judgment when you are writing a critical essay.When you are ready to take on the ftce samples, use a strategy and approach that will help you write a compelling essay. Your essay is a reflection of your character and it should be one that the reader will be proud to read. If you do not succeed, keep trying, and if you find that you are unable to write the essay, you can always ask for help from your instructor or school counselor.

Foundations for physiotherapy practice The WritePass Journal

Foundations for physiotherapy practice Introduction Foundations for physiotherapy practice IntroductionConclusionReferencingRelated Introduction   This essay will explore the disease COPD and explain the systemic effects that the disease has on the body as a whole. Exercise is investigated in the essay and shows how it may change the quality of life of a patient and decrease certain symptoms of COPD; it will also explain the negative effects that inactivity may cause a patient with COPD. There is varies interventions used to make living with COPD more tolerable for patients. It talks about how exercise benefits the body by decreasing dyspnoea, how increasing the body’s muscle strength will relieve fatigue and decrease the respiratory demand. The affects of exercising on anxiety and depression are examined also. The physiotherapists role will be included detailing all the different techniques that they use for treatment including breathing control, airway clearance, inspiratory muscle training which helps with inspiratory endurance and strength and improving mobility. Finally the important of upper body and strength e xercises will be questioned as to how it helps with improving mobility and promoting rehabilitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe somebody who suffers from both Chronic bronchitis (Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (the airways of the lungs) and emphysema (Emphysema is damage to the smaller airways and air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs). COPD is the term most preferred but you may also hear it called COLD (chronic obstructive lung disease) or COAD (chronic obstructive airway disease). Pulmonary means affecting the lungs. COPD causes a chronic (ongoing) cough with phlegm, is rare before the age of 35 and there is permanent damage to the airways. The narrowed airways are fixed, and so symptoms are chronic (persistent). Treatment to open up the airways is limited as a result. (patient.co.uk, 2010) As before COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is two disorders in one emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Bronchitis affects the airways with inflammation narrowing the airway sometimes with phlegm. Chronic bronchitis is a mor e specific condition and it is defined by the amount of phlegm that a person has coughed up over a particular time frame. To be described as chronic bronchitis a person has to be coughing up phlegm every morning for at least 3 consecutive months within a period of at least two years. Chronic bronchitis is mostly caused by cigarette smoking it can also occur form environmental factors. Emphysema is the other disorder you must be diagnosed with to be diagnosed with COPD. Emphysema affects your alveoli which are the little sacs of air at the end of bronchiole in your lungs where gaseous exchange occurs. These are normally made from a very elastic tissue so that they can expand when air fills the lungs. In emphysema, large numbers of the alveoli have been destroyed and there is much less area where gaseous exchange can take place so although people can breathe in it cannot get into the bloodstream. (Miles and Roberts, 2005, PP.1-3) Another systemic effect of COPD is the effect on the musculoskeletal system because of the breathlessness which reduces your exercise capacity which has a knock on effect. When you don’t exercise it has adverse effects on your body muscle wastage and weakening means you may become breathless easier as you will have less muscle and/or strength to perform the same tasks and will require more effort and put more metabolic demand on your body compared to if you had stronger muscles. Muscle weakness whatever the cause has severe consequences, including exercise limitation, reduced quality of life, more of a demand for healthcare assistance and its resources and more severely reduced survival. Physical de-conditioning may lead to a marked decrease in a patient’s ability to cope with activities of daily living, finding even the simplest of tasks to be leaving them breathless, consequently leading to a decrease in quality of life and also decreased survival. It is apparent that systemic manifestations are typical in COPD. Granted, many patients demonstrate a gradual and significant weight loss that exacerbates the course and prognosis of disease. This weight loss is also accompanied by peripheral muscle dysfunction and weakness. (Decramer, M. Et al. 2005, PP. s3-s10) With COPD it is not just the physical effects that play a role in the disease there are neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety which are more common in people with COPD. Depression in people with COPD rises with an increase in hypoxemia, carbon dioxide levels or dyspnoea. Hypoxemia may be a substantial cause in the development of depression and anxiety in COPD due to brain injury; however oxygen therapy results in little or no improvement in the severity of the depression. Another cause of morbidity of depression and anxiety is negative self-perception and restrictions in behavioural functioning due to reduced physical capacity. (Armstrong 2010 PP. 132) Although the COPD patient population is proven to be more depressed than the general medical population, it is not more anxious, the levels of anxiety observed in the general medical or surgical population on the wards were very similar to those observed in the COPD population. Despite the similarities compared to the other wards the anxiety levels are still high compared to the population without any disease or disorder. (Light, R, W.et al. 1985, PP.35-38) COPD patients with psychiatric conditions spend twice as much time in hospital compared to those without depression and anxiety. It is also found that the quality of life of COPD patients can be impaired in all dimensions compared to those without depression and anxiety, high impact was seen both on walking around, mobility, sleep and rest. (MIKKELSEN, R, L. 2004, PP.65-70) Anxious patients tend to have quite significantly shorter pre-rehabilitation exercise capacity compared with non-anxious patients as do patients with increased depression compared with those who are not depressed. Patients following a pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD show a statistically significant fall in both anxiety and depression as they progress in their program, with no patients showing any increases in either depression or anxiety. Patients with higher star ting anxiety level show a significantly larger increase their exercise capacity than those who start off with lower anxiety levels. Exercise rehabilitation is shown to produce clear improvements in anxiety and depression and to some extent reduces the number of patients with high anxiety and depression compared to no intervention. So exercise benefits COPD suffers with anxiety and depression at least as much as do those with lower levels. (Nicholas, Rudkin, and White, 1999, PP. 362-365) COPD has effects on the cardiovascular system by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease by up to three-fold. Several different studies have shown that the function of endothelial in COPD is abnormal in both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The means that underlie these abnormalities are also unclear. It is obvious that tobacco smoking is a shared risk factor for both COPD and cardiovascular disease. Although, it is possible that there are other factors which may quite substantially increase the cardiovascular risk of patients with COPD. With this in mind, many authors agree that the persistent, low-grade, systemic inflammation that occurs in COPD may contribute further to the pathobiology of these cardiovascular abnormalities in COPD. If true, this may have substantial therapeutic implications in the management of these patients because anti-inflammatory therapy would be beneficial not only for the chronic inflammatory process which their lungs are undergoing but also for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. (AgustÄ ±Ã‚ ´, 2005, 367-370.) It is shown that the leading causes of mortality in those with COPD are cardiovascular in nature. Cardiovascular causes are listed as the main cause of death in nearly 50% of the cases, Nevertheless, this data, suggest that a large proportion of patients with COPD die from cardiovascular complications.   (Sin and Man, 2005, p8-11) The impact on cardiovascular function in COPD is mainly due to the increased right ventricular afterload caused by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance resulting from the structural changes that take place in the pulmonary circulation with the disease One of the most beneficial treatments for COPD and its symptoms is exercise; exercise is proven to have a beneficial effect on your body compared to not exercising. By exercising you significantly increase your muscle strength and endurance. This means muscle dystrophy and atrophy are stopped and even reversed. You see a significant increase in endurance when you walk also as a result of exercising regularly and it also promotes increased efficiency of peripheral muscle oxygen extraction after muscle training, with less contribution from anaerobic (lactic acid) metabolism during exercise. (Clark, Cochrane, and Mackay, 1996, PP. 2590-2596) Aerobic capacity (VO2max) or maximum oxygen uptake is decreased with patients presenting with COPD, due to this the body starts to utilise the anaerobic energy system, this means that for walking the same distance as a normal person you will be utilising the phosphate and the lactic acid system which use less oxygen therefore your muscles fatigue easier. Lactate or metabolic threshold (VO2u) is known as exercise intensity with a sustained increase in blood lactate that cannot be prevented. Lactate threshold may be elevated by as much as 100% of its resting value by successful aerobic training in a normal subject. A de-conditioned individual there for has the potential for a significantly greater improvement in VO2max and VO2u with exercise training. When effective, this modality of physical reconditioning leads to improved functional exercise capacity and reduced breathlessness. Early implementation is desirable to obtain more meaningful responses. (COOPER, 2001, PP. S671-s679) Upper extremity exercise is also important for people who suffer from COPD as they are restricted in the amount of upper body exertion they can achieve even as much as to elevate their arm may cause dyspnoea and increased respiratory demands. It is shown that during unsupported arm exercise the respiratory muscles of the rib cage work actively help to maintain the posture of the upper torso and extended arms; due to this they decrease their roll in respiration in COPD patients. Therefore dyspnoea is worse with arm exercise than it is with leg exercise at the same total body oxygen consumption, suggesting that the load borne by the other inspiratory muscles must increase for the same level of increasing ventilation. (Grazzini, 2005, PP. 1403-1412) The increased demands even during a simple arm elevation may play a role in the development of the patient’s dyspnoea.   The limitation that occurs is a major problem that patients report when performing daily living activities involving the arms. It is important to apply an intervention of exercise training to try help. An upper extremity training regime for patients with COPD results in a reduction of ventilation requirements which will allow patients with COPD to perf orm sustained upper extremity activity with considerably less dyspnoea. A comprehensive pulmonary rehab programme that includes arm exercises, results in reduced metabolic and ventilator requirements for a simple arm lift. The addition of such training has been shown to improve upper extremity exercise endurances. Subjects who are in the early stages or whom are less severe may tolerate these increased loads without difficulty, whereas in severely obstructed patients with minimal reserve, increased ventilatory exertion and the associated recruitment of the diaphragm may contribute to increased dyspnoea. Although has some beneficial effects in this and most other studies to date, ventilatory capacity does not improve in terms of pulmonary function tests nor does fev or fev1. Additionally there is no cross over benefit to arm exercises or lower body exercises so it is important to incorporate both into a pulmonary rehabilitation for a patient with COPD to seek maximum benefit from the program. (Couser, Martinez and Celli, 1993, PP. 37-41) With COPD muscle wastage is quite common and 25% of all patients suffer from it. Muscle weakness and wastage also has adverse effects on fatigue. Leg fatigue for example limits patients with COPD in exercise. Normally the perception for muscle fatigue is higher in people with weak leg muscles than to those who are said to have strong legs. Patients with stronger muscles are said to have better exercise capacity this is true for people without COPD. Quadriceps strength has been found to have a significant effect on exercise capacity. So it is said that â€Å"leg fatigue is inversely proportional to leg muscle strength†. (Bourbeau, Nault, and Borycki, 2002, PP.190-191) Strength training is also appealing because it improves muscle strength and mass much better compared to aerobic training. In addition strength training causes less dyspnoea in the exercise period compared to aerobic training. Because of this it may be easier to tolerate for patients with severe cases of COPD. The re are different types of strength training can be used depending on the desired objective or the condition the patient is in. The different types are strength training where you are lifting between (90-100%) of one rep max (RM) this is using low repetitions with high weight which ameliorates strength, whereas when you use a lower weight and higher repetitions you work at a lower intensity for more reps which works on endurance. Moderate intensity work at (10-12) reps performed at 60-80% of one RM is ideal for patients with COPD as it fulfils the objective of building muscle strength and endurance while avoiding the likelihood of muscle injury which is common in high weight low repetition work. It is important to have your medication and a partner. This is important because, effectively, you may become disabled due to your breathlessness. (Bourbeau, Nault, and Borycki, 2002, PP.190-191) Physiotherapists address many of the symptoms of COPD like reducing the work of breathing, promoting clearance of the airways, improving mobility and promoting rehabilitation. Promoting successful management of these complex patients is in two parts: the accurate assessment of the patient to identify clear goals of treatment and team work, which underpins a thorough knowledge of the individual patient. (Mikelsons, 2008, PP. 2-7) There are three main techniques which may improve the efficiency of your breathing, pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing and paced breathing. These three techniques encourage complete emptying of your lungs and slower, deeper breaths, which will improve the efficiency of your breathing and encourages control of your breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing involves encouraging patients to move the abdominal wall predominantly during inspiration with reduction of rib cage movement and inhale slowly and deeply, in order to improve chest wall movement and the distribution of ventilation, decrease the work of breathing and improve exercise capacity. By utilizing the main muscle of inspiration, the diaphragm, it encourages relaxation of smaller, less efficient respiratory muscles. Using the diaphragm allows more air to move into the lungs with each breath which makes each breath more efficient. Diaphragmatic breathing also decreases the work of breathing by reducing the use smaller, less efficient muscles of the neck and shoulders. (NYU Medical Centre 1997). Diaphragmatic breathing (DB) has been claimed, but not demonstrated, to correct abnormal chest wall motion, in turn decrease the work of breathing (WOB) and dyspnoea and improve ventilation distribution. (Vitacca et al., 1998) Pursed lip breathing is commonly used in COPD patients as it is thought to alleviate dyspnoea. (Spahija, de Marchie, and Grassino, 2005, PP. 640-650) PLB is done by breathing in through the nose and out through the mouth against a resistance created by pursing the lips, this helps to prevent airway collapse. PLB helps you exhale more completely because it slows your respiratory rate and helps to keep your airways open longer. It has been shown that by performing PLB during exertion can lead to a reduction in respiratory rate and increased recovery rate compared with spontaneous breathing PLB can be used just prior to and during activities that have made you short of breath in the past.. PLB during exertion may therefore be a useful addition to the breathless patient’s regime and may be taught as a strategy to reduce respiratory rate of patients with COPD. It is good to use PLB when walking on inclines, up stairs and during any exercise or exertion. Despite the exercises being effective in reducing respiratory rate and decreasing work of breathing it is of note that it has been shown that fatigue of the diaphragm may develop earlier when using slow, deep breathing, but no differences in dyspnoea or exercise tolerance were found.12 R. Garrod, K. Dallimore and J. Cook et al., An evaluation of the acute impact of pursed lips breathing on walking distance in nonspontaneous pursed lips breathing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, Chronic Respir Dis 2 (2) (2005), pp. 67–72. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (12) Paced breathing involves coordinating your breathing pattern with the activity you are doing. For example, when walking on level surfaces breathe in for a count of 2 steps and out for a count of 4 steps. This will help regulate your breathing reducing anxiety and promote good relaxed and controlled breathing allowing you to continue with your activity. Physiotherapists prescribe Breathing exercises l ike Diaphragmatic breathing, breathing control and pursed lip breathing are to relieve breathlessness and promote relaxation. (NYU Medical Centre, 1997) Physiotherapists also teach a techniques called airway clearance techniques the most popular being called active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) which is used for acute exarberations of COPD during exercise. This technique is done by using an alternating depth of breathing to move phlegm from the small airways at the bottom of your lungs to the larger airways near the top where they can be cleared more easily with huffing/coughing in turn making it easier to breath by removing obstructions. ACBT is used by 88% of physiotherapists to treat acute exarberations of COPD. (Connolly and Yohannes 2007 pp. 110-113) Airway clearance techniques have a variety of different techniques such as the ACBT which has been explained, forced expiration technique (FET), and postural drainage (PD). PD is when the physiotherapist puts the patient in positions which make it easier to remove sputum because the cilia are damaged and cannot aid in its clearance of sputum. FET is used instead of coughing to re move sputum, it is found to be more effective than coughing. The main indicator for determining which of the techniques to use of any airway clearance technique is how much sputum they can clear while coughing independently. This will be a key indicator for a patient in the self-management of their disease and patients will be taught modifications of their airway clearance regime during an acute exacerbation by their physiotherapist. (Mikelsons, 2008 pgs 2-7) Physiotherapists may prescribe inspiratory muscle training (IMT) which has been used for co-ordination of respiratory muscles allows maximization of the use of abdominal muscles as inspiratory accessory muscles and has been proven to show benefits in exercise tolerance, Inspiratory muscle endurance and strength, breathlessness and improve quality of life. (Mikelsons, 2008 pgs 2-7) state that by including IMT in an exercise programme it has been shown to increase maximal inspiratory pressure, perception of breathlessness and health-related quality of life.50 R. Magadle, A.K. McConnell, M. Beckerman and P. Weiner, Inspiratory muscle training in pulmonary rehabilitation programme in COPD patients, Respir Med 101 (2007), pp. 1500–1505. Article | PDF (465 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (8) High-intensity IMT has also been shown to produce beneficial reductions in dyspnoea and fatigue in COPD patients. Usually a physiotherapist would prescribe training that would ta ke place over 6 to 9 weeks using   from 30 to 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure depending on the patient and how much they can manage, this differs from person to person. Another study by (Lotters et al., 2002 pp. 570-577) also had positive results and stated that IMT alone significantly improves inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, whereas the sensation of dyspnoea significantly decreases in patients with COPD. Although there are no significant additional effects of IMT on exercise performance IMT plus general exercise reconditioning has strong significant training effects on inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, especially in patients with inspiratory muscle weakness. In addition, a clinically significant decrease in dyspnoea sensation at rest and during exercise is also a result of IMT. Conclusion In conclusion there is an array of benefits of exercise training demonstrated in the essay which include, increase in exercise capacity, decrease in breathlessness, substantial changes in health related quality of life, decrease in anxiety, and improvements in depression. It has been shown that the inclusion of strength training is also necessary in the exercise prescription to help reduce fatigue; it has shown benefits in relief of respiratory demand in turn reducing dyspnoea. When evaluating anxiety and depression, there have been studies that show a higher rate of depression and anxiety in COPD patients than the general public. In comparison with the general medical population the rate of anxiety was not proven to be higher but much the same, although the level of depression in patients with COPD tended to be higher due to the disease having a reduced physical capacity and knowing that it will gradually get worse. Although by including a pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD, patients show a statistically significant fall in both anxiety and depression as they progress in their program, with no patients showing any increases in either depression or anxiety. 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